What’s Happening?
In a major discovery for Australian biodiversity, researchers from James Cook University (JCU), the University of Newcastle, and the South Australian Museum have identified two new species of Whirring Tree Frogs in North Queensland.
Previously thought to be part of a single species, these frogs have now been classified as distinct species based on genetic data, morphology, and their unique frog calls.
The newly recognised Eungella Whirring Treefrog is found on the Eungella plateau west of Mackay, while the Atherton Tablelands Whirring Treefrog inhabits the mountains south-west of Cairns.
JCU Associate Professor Conrad Hoskin said the discovery is crucial for conservation efforts.
“When they were all grouped together as one, you can’t see the significance of the fact that the two northern populations are distinct species,” he explained.
“They are hidden away, lumped in another species, and that means you don’t recognise that Eungella and the Wet Tropics each have yet another highly localised species. And also, most importantly, you don’t recognise them for conservation when they are contained within another species name.”
Why It Matters?
The recognition of these frogs as separate species highlights the importance of localised conservation efforts.
Both species are believed to be endangered, with the Eungella species particularly vulnerable due to its small distribution range and elevation limitations.
“Now that they are named, we can assess their conservation status and needs. Both species should be recognised as endangered species,” Assoc Prof Hoskin said.
“The Eungella species, in particular, has a tiny distribution with very little elevational space and is certainly under threat.”
Naming these species allows scientists to advocate for their protection, ensuring they are not overlooked in broader conservation policies.
Local Impact
- The discovery adds two more endemic species to North Queensland’s rich biodiversity.
- Conservation efforts can now focus on their specific habitats, ensuring better protection against threats like climate change.
- The Eungella region and the Atherton Tablelands gain global scientific recognition, highlighting their significance in biodiversity research.
By the Numbers
- Three distinct species: What was once thought to be one species of Whirring Tree Frog is now three.
- Two newly named species: The Eungella Whirring Treefrog and the Atherton Tablelands Whirring Treefrog.
- One critically endangered candidate: The Eungella species is particularly at risk due to its tiny habitat range.
Zoom In
These tree frogs are yellowish-brown with flashy orange markings and black spots on their legs. Their populations were previously assumed to belong to a more widespread species found in south-east Queensland and north-east New South Wales.
However, genetic analysis confirmed they are unique to their mountain-top habitats in North Queensland.
Assoc Prof Hoskin emphasised the urgency of conservation action.
“These beautiful frog species are now pinned to the tops of some of Queensland’s highest mountain areas and are under serious threat from climate change.”
Zoom Out
Climate change is a growing concern for high-elevation species. The Eungella Whirring Treefrog’s restricted range makes it particularly vulnerable to temperature changes and habitat degradation.
This discovery underscores the need for further biodiversity research, as similar cryptic species may be hiding in Queensland’s rugged landscapes.
What to Look For Next?
Assoc Prof Hoskin and his team will submit applications to the state and federal governments to have both frog species listed as endangered.
“In the paper, we suggest that the Atherton Tablelands species should be nominated for Endangered and the Eungella even a higher level, which is Critically Endangered,” he said.
“It’s really exciting to recognise them for what they are, and conservation attention will hopefully follow.”
If approved, these classifications will trigger stronger legal protections and conservation funding to safeguard the frogs’ habitats.
